MODEL KETELADANAN GURU DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: INTEGRASI NILAI INTELEKTUAL, MORAL, DAN RUHANI

Abstract

This study aims to examine the dual role of teachers in Islamic education as both intellectual instructors and spiritual guides, and to develop a new conceptual framework called al-Qudwah, a model that integrates academic, moral, and spiritual dimensions in a holistic manner. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach with a library research method, data were collected from the Qur’an, Hadith, Ihya’ Ulumuddin by Imam al-Ghazali, and contemporary Islamic education literature. Content analysis was employed to integrate classical and modern perspectives on the teacher’s role. The findings reveal that teachers in Islam hold five primary roles: al-mu’allim (knowledge transmitter), al-murabbi (spiritual nurturer), al-mu’addib (moral cultivator), al-muddaris (professional educator), and al-mursyid (spiritual guide). These five roles converge in the al-Qudwah concept, which positions the teacher as a living model (uswah hasanah) who harmonizes intellectual competence, moral integrity, and spiritual depth. The model offers a holistic paradigm of Islamic education thatremains relevant to modern challenges, emphasizing the teacher’s role not only as an instructor but also as a moral and spiritual mentor shaping students’ character comprehensively. This study contributes to the development of Islamic educational theory by revitalizing al-Ghazali’s classical ideas and aligning them with the educational needs of the 21st century.